Phthalacyanine Dyes
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This class of dyes contain tetraazoporphine structure with or with out the presence of a metal such as copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, etc. Copper phthalocyanine (65) derivatives are more commonly use in dyestuffs and pigments. Copper phthalocyanine (65) can be prepared from phthalic anhydride (148), phthalonitrile (693).
Starting from these intermediates phthalocyanine molecule is built up by various procedures. A typical method of preparation of copper phthalocyanine (65) is to heat one of these intermediates (148), or (397) or (693) with cuprouse chloride in a solvent such as nitrobenzene in the presence of a catalyst such as ammonium molybdate
